Grow guide

Cannabis Growing Guide - The Comprehensive Grow Guide from adonhusa.de

Welcome to the comprehensive cannabis growing guide from adonhusa.de. Whether you're a beginner or a pro, here you'll learn everything about successfully growing cannabis seeds - from germination to harvest.

1. Choosing the Right Strain
2. Germination of Cannabis Seeds
3. Cultivation Phase & Young Plant Care
4. Growth phase (vegetative phase)
5. Initiating the flowering phase
6. Determining the time of harvest
7. The harvest
8. Drying & curing
9. Avoiding common cultivation mistakes
10. Indoor vs. outdoor cultivation
11. Practical tools for growers
12. FAQ - Frequently asked questions about cultivation

1. Choosing the Right Strain

Before you plant your cannabis seeds, you should consider your grower type: indoor or outdoor? What equipment do you have available? Which strain suits your growing goals, climate, and location? These questions form the basis for a successful grow.

A key point is choosing the right type of seed. Each variety brings its own requirements, advantages, and growing conditions:

Feminized seeds (photoperiod plants): These plants remain in the so-called vegetation period as long as they are exposed to a light cycle of 18–24 hours. The flowering phase only begins when the light cycle is switched to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness (12/12). This controlled transition allows you to precisely control plant growth. Photoperiod plants are ideal for growers who value maximum yields, high potency, and long-term clone production. Although they take longer to harvest than autoflowering plants, the quality, resin production, and potency are usually superior.
Autoflowering seeds: These strains bloom automatically, regardless of the light cycle—usually after just 3-4 weeks. Autoflowering plants are ideal for beginners or anyone looking for fast harvest cycles. These plants are particularly easy to care for, compact in growth, and resilient to beginner mistakes. In some respects, these plants are particularly suitable for beginners. However, the yield is often lower compared to photoperiod plants, and the effects are also generally somewhat milder.
CBD Seeds: These seeds were specifically bred to produce a high CBD content (cannabidiol, also known as CBD weed, CBD flower, or cannabidiol plant) while maintaining a low THC content. They are ideal for medical use—for example, for pain, sleep disorders, anxiety, ADHD, or even as an adjunct to Parkinson's disease. CBD is non-psychoactive and does not cause a high. Therefore, cannabidiol is particularly attractive to users seeking a relaxing effect without the high. Low-THC strains are also available legally.
Hybrid Seeds: Hybrid plants combine characteristics of Indica and Sativa genetics. The goal is a balanced effect—physically relaxing yet mentally stimulating. There are also special F1 cannabis hybrid seeds that are particularly resilient, high-yielding, and stable. These varieties are perfect for consumers with diverse needs.

In the adonhusa.de online shop, you'll find an exclusive selection of feminized seeds, autoflowering strains, CBD-rich cannabis seeds, and high-quality Indica Sativa genetics. directly from renowned breeder brands such as Barneys Farm, Compound Genetics, or Wizard Trees.

2. Germination of Cannabis Seeds

Even if your plants aren't yet past the seed stage, the success of your entire harvest is already determined here. Germination of cannabis seeds is the first and crucial step in the cultivation process. During this phase, the first small root—the so-called radicle—emerges from the seed coat. This process typically takes 1 to 7 days, depending on the variety, ambient temperature, and humidity.

Popular Germination Methods:

Paper Towel Method: Place the seeds between two damp, unprinted paper towels and place them in a small box or on a plate lined with plastic wrap. Store them in a dark, warm place at 20–25°C. Make sure the cloth stays moist, but not dripping wet. After a few days, small roots should appear.
Tip: This method is effective, but may leave fine paper towel fibers on the roots.
Direct sowing into the substrate (e.g., Light Mix Soil): The seeds are placed directly into the soil about 1-2 cm deep. Ensure the correct temperature and soil moisture. This method is particularly gentle on the sensitive roots.
Germination in a glass of water: A simple method: The seeds are placed in a glass of lukewarm water for 12-24 hours until they sink to the bottom. After that, you can plant them directly into the substrate.

Which method is best?

For beginners, direct sowing in potting soil is ideal – this eliminates the need for later transplanting of sensitive seedlings. Alternatively, a germination kit or starter kit, such as the Royal Queen Seeds Starter Kit, is also suitable. It ensures optimal conditions and a clean, protected germination phase. Once the seedlings are 2-3 cm tall, you can transplant them into larger pots.

Common germination mistakes:

Humidity too high or too low
Temperatures too low
Direct sunlight or drafts
Seeds planted too deep
Let paper towels dry out

Conclusion on the germination phase:

The germination of cannabis seeds is a sensitive but crucial phase in the growing process. Working cleanly here lays the foundation for healthy, strong plants with high yields. Ensure consistent heat, humidity, and gentle handling of the young roots.

3. Cultivation Phase & Young Plant Care (Seedling Phase)

After germination, cannabis plants enter the so-called seedling phase. This phase usually lasts about 2 weeks. During this time, the plants develop from delicate seedlings into stable young plants. The leaves begin to develop their typical shape with multiple fingers—initially three, later five to seven per leaf. At the same time, root growth and vitality noticeably increase.

Ideal Conditions for the Seedling Phase:

Light: At least 18 hours of light per day. White CFL lights or LED grow lamps are particularly suitable, as they emit little heat and do not burn the delicate seedlings.
Temperature: Optimal is 20–25°C.
Humidity: Around 70% A propagator or growing box provides the ideal microclimate.
Air circulation: A small fan ensures gentle air movement, prevents mold, and strengthens the plant.

Care instructions for healthy seedlings:

Water: Seedlings need very little water – Water carefully to avoid waterlogging.
Cleanliness: Ensure a clean growing environment, as young plants are particularly susceptible to mold and fungal infections.
Substrate: Use loose potting soil (e.g., Light Mix) or coco substrate. Alternatively, Jiffy Tabs or cutting cubes are also suitable.
Repotting: As soon as the first true leaves appear (after the cotyledons), the seedlings can be transplanted into larger pots.

How do I recognize healthy seedlings?

Bright green, symmetrical leaves
Strong, upright stems
Fast, healthy root growth without discoloration

This phase is crucial for the continued success of your grow. Providing your plants with optimal conditions now lays the foundation for strong growth and a successful flowering phase.

4. Growth Phase (Vegetative Phase)

The growth phase (also called the vegetative phase) begins after the seedling phase and is crucial for later flowering. During this phase, the plant develops strong roots, a stable stem, and dense side shoots. The duration of the vegetative phase depends heavily on whether the cannabis plants are photoperiod or autoflowering.

The vegetative growth phase of photoperiod varieties theoretically lasts indefinitely – as long as the plants are exposed to an 18-24 hour light cycle. This offers growers maximum control and flexibility. Many growers keep so-called mother plants in the growth phase for months or even years so they can take cuttings (clones) at any time.

Most growers transplant their plants into larger containers during this phase – ideally once the root system has fully penetrated the growing medium. Whether soil, coco, or rockwool: the goal is stable root development and strong branching.

Optimal conditions during the growth phase:

18–20 hours of light per day (e.g., LED grow lights or MH lights)
Temperature: 20–28°C during the day, 18–22°C at night
Humidity: 50–75%
Good air circulation through circulating fans

During the growth phase of cannabis, the correct supply of nutrients is also important. Use a growth fertilizer with a high nitrogen (N) content and ensure a balanced NPK ratio.

Plant training for higher yields:

Methods such as LST (Low Stress Training), thinning, FIM, topping, or ScrOG (Screen of Green) are suitable for optimizing plant structure and increasing yield. These can achieve impressive results, especially with photoperiod plants.

Differences from autoflowering plants:

The vegetative phase of autoflowering seeds is significantly shorter. These plants automatically enter the flowering phase after about 2-3 weeks, regardless of the light cycle. Therefore, many growers recommend planting autoflowering plants directly into their final pot to avoid repotting stress.

Due to the shorter development time, the growth phase of autoflowers is compressed, leaving less room for training techniques. However, they are ideal for beginners as they are robust, easy to care for, and quick to harvest.

How do you recognize healthy plants?

Bright green, strong leaves
Dense side shoots and a compact main stem
No spots, discoloration, or deficiency symptoms

The growth phase of cannabis lays the foundation for successful flowering. Ensure stable conditions, healthy root development, and targeted training—this is how you achieve maximum yields in the later flowering period.

5. Initiate the Flowering Phase

The flowering phase is one of the most important stages in the life cycle of your cannabis plants. During this time, the focus is on flower development and resin production— a process that can take between 6 and 12 weeks depending on the variety.

For photoperiod plants, you initiate flowering by changing the light cycle to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness (12/12). This light cycle signals the plant that summer is coming to an end and it's time to transition into flowering. When grown outdoors, this process occurs naturally as the days get shorter—usually starting in late summer.

During the first two weeks of flowering, the first sexual characteristics appear. Female plants develop small white hairs (stigmas) on the flower buds, while male plants develop small pollen sacs. Hermaphroditic plants exhibit both and should be discarded to avoid pollination.

The humidity should be reduced to 40-50% during the flowering phase to prevent mold growth. The temperature should ideally be between 18-26°C. Good air circulation is especially important during this phase.

Now, use a special flowering fertilizer rich in phosphorus and potassium to optimally support flower formation and resin production. Odor filters (e.g., activated carbon filters) ensure that the intense fragrance does not spread unintentionally.

In autoflowering plants, flowering begins automatically—usually around 3-4 weeks after germination. They do not require an altered light cycle and can continue to grow and flower with 18-20 hours of light daily.

Indica-dominant strains typically require 7-10 weeks to fully mature, while sativa-dominant plants can take 10-14 weeks. However, they often deliver particularly aromatic and potent results.

During the flowering phase, you should monitor your plants regularly – pay attention to mold, pests, and the development of the flowers and trichomes. The latter will later provide information about the optimal harvest time – more on this in Chapter 6.

6. Determining Harvest Time

The perfect harvest time is crucial to maximize the aroma, effect, and yield of your cannabis plants. Several factors must be considered, especially the ripeness of the flowers and the color of the trichomes.

The trichomes—small, mushroom-shaped resin glands on the flowers and sugar leaves—are the most important indicator. You can check their color with a magnifying glass or microscope:

Clear trichomes: The plant is not yet ripe.
Milky trichomes: Now is the optimal time for an energetic, mental effect.
Amber trichomes: The effect is more physical and relaxing.

Many growers harvest with a ratio of 70–90% milky trichomes to 10–30% amber trichomes. The higher the proportion of amber-colored trichomes, the stronger the calming, sedative effect.

Another indicator is the pistils (hairs): Initially, they are white and stand upright. As they mature, they turn orange-brown and curl—a sign that the flowers are approaching their peak potency.

The color of the leaves can also be an indicator: Yellow or falling leaves indicate the end of nutrient uptake – a natural process that indicates the plant's maturity.

It's important not to harvest too early – immature plants produce less potency and flavor – but also not too late, as the THC content degrades in overripe plants.

Conclusion: Observe trichomes, pistils, and leaves – then you'll find the perfect moment for an aromatically strong and effective harvest.

7. Harvesting

Harvesting is the most rewarding part of the growing process for many growers. Watching the plants grow over several months is fascinating, but reaping the fruits of your labor is the pinnacle of the experience.

The flowering phase of the growing cycle typically lasts between 6 and 12 weeks. After that, it's time to remove the buds. This shouldn't be done too early, however, as harvesting too early would prevent the buds from fully ripening. But you shouldn't wait too long either.

One of the best ways to determine if your buds are ready for harvest is to look through a magnifying glass. Using a jeweler's loupe or a digital microscope, you can closely examine the trichomes (crystals on the buds). If around 60% of the trichomes are milky and some are beginning to turn amber, the ideal harvest time has arrived. Transparent trichomes indicate immaturity—the plant still needs some time.

Another ripeness criterion is the pistils—hair-like structures on the buds. These hairs change color from white to red over the course of flowering. to orange-brown and are a visual sign of the ripening process.

Yellowing leaves in the final stages of flowering also signal that the plant has used up its nutrients—a natural process. Many growers rinse the plants with pH-neutral water in the last two weeks before harvest to remove fertilizer residues and improve flavor.

8. Drying & Curing

After the flowers have been harvested, the essential step of drying and curing begins. Only through careful post-processing can high-quality aromatic cannabis be produced. The drying and curing process not only ensures better shelf life, but is also crucial for flavor, effect, and smoking quality.

Wet Trimming

Wet trimming involves trimming the flowers immediately after harvest while they are still moist. This removes the small sugar leaves around the buds. This method saves space, is easier to implement, and prevents excessive moisture accumulation during drying. However, trimming in this state is often a sticky affair, as the resin adheres strongly to the fingers and scissors. A pleasant side effect: scraping the sticky resin off the scissors creates what's known as scissor hash, which gives a small taste of the subsequent effect.

Dry Trimming

Dry trimming involves allowing the entire plant or branch to dry completely before trimming the flowers. This method requires more space and time, but is particularly gentle on the material. The flowers are usually hung upside down in well-ventilated, dark rooms at 18–21°C and approximately 50–60% humidity. Once they are sufficiently dry, the sugar leaves are carefully trimmed off. Advantage: Less sticky tools, a gentler process. Disadvantage: Dry trimming is more labor-intensive and can produce less visually uniform results.

Curing the flowers

Trimming is followed by curing – an essential step in refining the flowers. During this process, excess moisture, sugar residues, and chlorophyll break down, improving the taste, aroma, and smoking characteristics. It also significantly increases shelf life.

The fully dried buds are now placed in airtight jars – ideally preserving jars – and filled only about two-thirds full to allow air exchange. For the first 1-2 weeks, the jars should be opened (aired) daily and the buds gently moved. This allows excess moisture to escape and prevents mold growth. Pay particular attention to fresh air supply, consistent room temperatures of 18-21°C, and moderate humidity of around 60%.

After the first two weeks, ventilation can be reduced to every two to three days. The entire curing process ideally takes four to eight weeks—some growers even let their harvest mature for several months. The longer the buds cure, the softer, more flavorful, and aromatic the final product becomes. Well-cured cannabis flowers ensure a smooth, scratch-free smoking experience and bring out the full terpene profile.

The curing process makes the difference between average and premium cannabis— Invest enough time here to maximize the full potential of your harvest.

9. Avoid Common Growing Mistakes

Even experienced growers make mistakes from time to time – especially during hectic periods or due to insufficient preparation. Here are the most common growing mistakes you should avoid:

Overwatering: Watering too often or too heavily leads to root rot. Ensure balanced watering and good drainage.
Nutrient Overdose: More fertilizer does not necessarily mean a higher yield. Overfertilization causes nutrient burn and can inhibit growth.
Incorrect pH: An unbalanced pH in the substrate prevents nutrient uptake. A pH between 6.0 and 6.5 is ideal.
Inadequate ventilation: Heat and humid air promote mold and pests. Rely on air circulation through fans.
Insufficient light: Strong, even lighting (LED or HPS) is essential, especially for indoor grows.
Lack of training: Without methods like LST, topping, or ScrOG, yield potential often remains untapped.

10. Indoor vs. Outdoor Cultivation

Depending on your location and availability, you can grow cannabis indoors or outdoors. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages:

Indoor cultivation

Full control over climate, lighting, humidity, and nutrient supply
Discreet and possible year-round
Suitable for autoflowering strains, feminized seeds, or F1 hybrids
Higher costs due to electricity, lights, and equipment

Outdoor cultivation

Cost-effective - no electricity or expensive lights required
Depending on climate, hours of sunlight, and weather conditions
Suitable for robust, resilient outdoor strains
Higher yields possible, but higher risks from animals, pests, or theft

11. Practical Tools for Growers

With the right equipment, you can significantly optimize your grow. Here is a list of useful tools for every grower:

PH and EC meters: For monitoring water quality and nutrient solutions
Timers: For precise light cycles in indoor grows
Dehumidifiers: Indispensable for preventing mold, especially during the flowering phase
Circulation fans: Promote air circulation and strengthen plant structure
Grow tents & Reflectors: For efficient use of space and light output
Drying nets: Ideal for post-harvest drying

These tools aren't absolutely necessary, but they make the difference between a good and a professional grow!

12. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about Cannabis Cultivation

How long does the entire cannabis cultivation process take?

From germination to harvest, the entire cultivation process can take between 10 and 16 weeks - depending on the chosen strain (autoflowering or photoperiod) and the environmental conditions.

Which cannabis strains are suitable for beginners?

Autoflowering cannabis seeds are particularly beginner-friendly. They don't require any adjustment of the light cycle and are more resistant to typical beginner mistakes. Recommended strains: Northern Lights Auto or Gelato Auto.

How much light do cannabis plants need when grown indoors?

During the vegetative phase: 18-24 hours of light per day. During the flowering phase for photoperiod plants: 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness.

Which soil is best for cannabis?

The best soil is loose, well-drained organic soil, e.g., pre-fertilized soil with worm castings or coconut. Ideal for beginners: Light Mix soil.

What to do about yellow leaves?

Yellow leaves can indicate overwatering, nutrient deficiency, or an incorrect pH level. pH control and adjusted nutrient application can help.

How do you determine the ideal harvest time?

The perfect harvest time is indicated by the trichomes (resin glands). When approximately 70–90% are milky and partially amber, the plant is ready. A magnifying glass helps with the precise assessment.

How do I store dried cannabis properly?

In airtight jars, cool, dry, and protected from light. The aroma and potency are thus preserved for months.

What is the optimal temperature in the grow room?

Growth phase: 22–26°C, flowering phase: 20–25°C. Temperatures that are too high can negatively affect terpene quality.